Violence by Association and Participation: Engaging in Violence with Violent Co-Offenders Increases Future Violence
Violence by Association and Participation: Engaging in Violence with Violent Co-Offenders Increases Future Violence
Joke Geeraert Arjan Blokland Luis EC Rocha Christophe Vandeviver a Ghent University, Ghent, Belgiumb Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgiumc Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, The Netherlandsd Leiden University, Leiden, The NetherlandsJoke Geeraert, is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Department of Criminology, Criminal Law and Social Law, Ghent University, Belgium. This study was conducted during her PhD Fellowship Fundamental Research of the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO). Her research concerns social network analyses of co-offending networks to examine the transmission of physical violent offending among offenders.Arjan Blokland is a senior researcher at the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement and a Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the Institute for Criminal Law and Criminology, Leiden Law School, Leiden University, the Netherlands. His research interests include criminal careers and life-course criminology, criminal networks, and organized crime.Luis E. C. Rocha is a full-time professor at the Department of Economics and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University. His main domains of expertise are complex systems, social networks, population dynamics, agent-based models, and social physics.Christophe Vandeviver, is a full-time Research Professor of Criminology at the Department of Criminology, Criminal Law and Social Law, Ghent University, and affiliated with the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR). His research focuses on the spatial and temporal dimensions of crime and crime control, offender behavior, and violence victimization including sexual violence.