Development and Validation of a Tool to Measure Relative Disadvantage and Disproportionate Risk of Criminal-Legal System Involvement

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Evan M. Lowder Spencer G. Lawson Ebony Ruhland Ashley Rodriguez Peyton Frye Madeline McPherson a Department of Criminology, Law and Society, George Mason Universityb Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical Schoolc Rutgers School of Criminal Justiced Department of Sociology and Criminology, Penn State University

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