Unchained voices: Exploring incarcerated women’s pathways to restorative justice

Abstract

Purpose

Restorative justice (RJ) is an approach to justice that focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal offences through dialogue, accountability and reparation. Despite its growing recognition, the implementation of RJ programmes within prison settings remains limited, particularly in women’s prisons. This study aims to explore incarcerated women’s attitudes toward RJ and to identify perceived facilitators and barriers to participation.

Method

This qualitative study draws on semi-structured interviews with 17 adult incarcerated women in Israel. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to participants’ perceptions of RJ.

Findings

Thematic analysis revealed four primary facilitators: desire for forgiveness; hope to rebuild family relationships; reciprocity—the correctional client as also a victim; and a need to be heard and acknowledged. Conversely, three major barriers were identified: deep shame; fear of further media exposure; and disbelief in the victims’ willingness to forgive.

Conclusions

The findings offer critical insights into the gendered experiences of incarcerated women and underscore the importance of integrating gender-sensitive considerations into RJ theory and practice. Beyond theoretical implications, the study highlights practical avenues for designing prison-based RJ programmes that are more inclusive and responsive to women’s needs, and ultimately more effective in supporting rehabilitation and reintegration.