Everything, Everywhere, All at Once: Looking at the Current Milieu Through Rapoport’s Four Waves Theory of Modern Terrorism
Everything, Everywhere, All at Once: Looking at the Current Milieu Through Rapoport’s Four Waves Theory of Modern Terrorism
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J. S. Elson Alexis L. d’Amato Isaac J. Moelter Erin M. Kearns Austin C. Doctor a School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USAb National Counterterrorism Innovation, Technology and Education (NCITE) Center, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USAc Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USAd School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USAJoel S. Elson, Ph.D., is the Director of Innovation Technology for the National Counterterrorism Innovation, Technology, and Education (NCITE) Center, the Department of Homeland Security Center of Excellence for counterterrorism studies, and an Assistant Professor in the College of Information Science and Technology at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. His research focuses on human-centered computing and security, with an emphasis on emerging technologies, innovation and collaboration, and decision-making in computer-mediated and mixed-initiative teams, addressing risks associated with malicious use while advancing socially responsible technological applications for societal and national security.Alexis L. d’Amato is a Research Specialist at the National Counterterrorism Innovation, Technology, and Education (NCITE) Center and a doctoral candidate in the Industrial and Organizational Psychology program at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. Her research focuses on creativity and innovation, including both conventional and malevolent forms, with an emphasis on organizational responses to emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and the role of leadership in supporting adaptive integration of AI into existing workflows.Isaac J. Moelter is a Graduate Research Assistant at the National Counterterrorism Innovation, Technology, and Education (NCITE) Center and a PhD student in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. His research focuses on terrorism and political violence, with particular interests in radicalization, extremist disengagement, hate and extremist groups, and correctional systems.Erin M. Kearns, Ph.D., is the Director of Law Enforcement Partnerships for the National Counterterrorism Innovation, Technology, and Education (NCITE) Center, the Department of Homeland Security Center of Excellence for counterterrorism studies, and an Associate Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. Her research focuses on terrorism and counterterrorism with a focus on the study of relationships among the public, law enforcement, media, and groups that use terrorism, using quantitative, qualitative, and experimental methods to inform policy, practice, and prevention.Austin C. Doctor, Ph.D., is the Director of Strategic Initiatives for the National Counterterrorism Innovation, Technology, and Education (NCITE) Center, the Department of Homeland Security Center of Excellence for counterterrorism studies, and an Associate Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. His research focuses on homeland security and homeland defense with a focus on the study of emerging threats, domestic and international terrorism, irregular warfare, and violent non-state actors.