Spatially dependent violence in strategic ports: criminal governance and territorial spillovers in Buenaventura, Colombia
Spatially dependent violence in strategic ports: criminal governance and territorial spillovers in Buenaventura, Colombia
Williams Jimenez-Garcia Alberto Aziani Yeison Toro a Advisor, Office of the Rector, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombiab Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Milan – Bicocca, Milan, Italyc Research, Red VICRI, ColombiaWilliams Jimenez-Garcia is a criminologist, sociologist, university professor, and researcher specializing in organized crime, drug trafficking, criminal governance, urban violence, and security policy in Latin America. His work combines sociological theory, spatial methods, comparative criminology, and policy analysis to study illicit markets, homicide, territorial violence, and state responses to organized criminality. He has served as an academic researcher and criminal-policy advisor in Colombia.Alberto Aziani is Associate Professor of Sociology of Law and Deviance in the Department of Sociology and Social Research at the University of Milano-Bicocca. His research focuses on illegal markets, transnational trafficking, illicit financial flows, organized crime, and the socio-economic impacts of criminal phenomena. He has published on illicit economies, organized-crime governance, drug markets, and quantitative criminological methods.Yeison Toro is a researcher working on territorial analysis, spatial data processing, and urban crime dynamics in Colombia. He served for 21 years in the Colombian National Police and was part of the Police’s Criminal Analysis Center, where he supported analytical work on crime patterns and operational decision-making. His work in this article focuses on data harmonization, spatial visualization, and neighborhood-level analysis of violence and organized-crime indicators. [Institutional affiliation to be completed by author.